[Regole]=Inglese: Tempi verbali, idioms, modal verbs, rules...

Cicko

Posted on 18/5/2009, 01:00 by: Cicko

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Tempi Verbali:

Present
WHY? We use the present tense to express a habit or a permanent situation, for example something you do habitually.
How to form it: you add an "s" when you use the third person singular. For the rest, the verb stays the same unless it's irregular. In that case, you must know all the persons.
Words we can use: Once, Once a week/year, Twice...
Ex. I play tennis once a week.

Present Continuous
WHY? We use the present continuous to express a current situation or an action that is in process in the moment you're speaking.
How to form it: there are two verbs: to be (in one of the persons: am, are...) + the verb with "ing" ending.
Words we can use: Now, At the moment, Today...
Ex. I'm playing tennis at the moment.

Present Perfect
WHY? To express an action that has relevance to the present.
-->An action that occured in the past and is relevant in the present
-->Events that have recently occured
How to form it: has/have + Past Participle (PP) <---- farò una scansione per i verbi irregolari.
Certain words we use: For= length of time
Since=precise point in time
just, yet, already, recently, so far...
Ex. I haven't been here since last year!

Future
WHY? We use the future to express actions that will happen, or that haven't happened yet.
How to form it:
Will/won't + main verb
Present continuous= auxiliary + main verb (in "ing" form") (like in the present ^^)
Be going to <-- you form it like this!
Ex. I will play tennis tomorrow.
I'm going to play tennis tomorrow.

Present Perfect Continuous
WHY? We use the present perfect continuous to emphasize an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
How to form it: has/have + been + verb (in "ing" form)
Ex. We've been reading "Animal Farm" for a long time.
The difference between Present Perfect (simple) and Present Perfect Continuous: in the continuous form we are more intended in the action itself wereas, with the simple form we are intended to the result of an action.

The conditional Tenses

1^st conditional
WHY? We use the first conditional to express a future result based on a present condition.
How to form it: If/Unless + Present Simple + Future tense
Words we can use INSTEAD OF IF OR UNLESS: when, as soon as, while, before...
Ex. (-->Condition)If i do all my homework, i'll constantly perfect my skills in English. (<--Result)

2^nd conditional
WHY 1? To express an unlikely/imaginary situation in present or future.
How to form it: If/Unless/... + Past Simple + Would + Main verb
Ex. (-->Condition with hypothetical adjective)If i won the lottery, i would donate money to Africa relief. (<--Imaginary result)
WHY 2? To express a piece of advice
Would= might/could
Ex. If i WERE you, i'd go directly to Dubai.

3^rdconditional
WHY? We use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past or to express a regret about past situations
How to fomr it: IF+PAST PERFECT+ WOULD\MIGHT\COULD+ HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex. If my class had worked well this year, we would have been more prepared for the exam!

The verb Rules Are ended!

Idioms
An idiom is an expression that has a different meaning from the usual meaning of the individual words that make it.
Ex. "To lend a Hand" means to give help, not to "loan someone a hand."
Idiom list:

SPOILER (click to view)

catch a cold= get sick
see eye to eye= have equal ideas
under the weather= in trouble
stuffed to the gills= too much to eat
out of the frying pan and into the fire= the situation gets worse
slow boat to China= you're never going to finish it
nose to the grindstone= work hard
on pins and needles= you're in a riscky situation
fly off the handle= get angry
toot your own horn= mind your business
pie in the sky= confused
head in the sand= don't face reality
lay down the law= establish rules
born yesterday= to be stupid
fell like a million= feel happy
just what the doctor ordered= you've given me something i need
hold your horses= hold on
cat has your tung= you can't speak
going bananas/going nuts= going crazy
bury the hatchet= to hide a secret

this is a detailed list of idioms. even though they might seem completely without sense, English people use these in their everyday language!

Modal verbs
WHAT ARE THEY? Modal verbs are helping verbs that come before the main verb. Modal verbs have their own meaning.
Here's a list of modal verbs:

SPOILER (click to view)

need (to), must, could, would (like), can, want, make, let, should, have to, be able to, may, might, be allowed to, had better to, don't have to, must be, can't be, seem, look, sound

Used to & Be Used to
Used to: WHAT IS IT? expresses an habitual activity done in the post but no longer practised in the present.
How to form it: used to + infinitive
negative: didn't use to + infinitive
Ex. I used to play guitar, but now i don't.

Be Used to: WHAT iS IT? a present habit, something you do usually. Maybe before you weren't, now you are.
How to form it: to be (in it's persons) used to + infinitive
Ex. I'm used to live in a small house, like yours.

Adjectives
Do you know? English people have many differences in their language from italian. an example are adjectives: they have their order. there are different types of adjectives, and each one must be put in their precise point of the sentence. Here's the list of the order of the adjectives:
Opinion-->Size-->Age-->Style-->Color-->Origin-->Material-->Purpose.
Ex. That cat is Beautiful, Fat, Young, Red, Siamese.
Ex. She has a beautiful, big, blue pair of shoes.

Traduzione:

SPOILER (click to view)

Presente
PERCHè? Si usa il presente per esprimere un'azione che si fa abitualmente o una situazione permanente.
Come si forma: si aggiunge una "s" alla fine del verbo quando si usa la terza persona singolare. Per le altre persone, il verbo resta uguale ammeno che non è irregolare.

Presente Continuo
PERCHè? Per esprimere un'azione che si sta facendo in quel momento.
Come si forma: ci sono due verbi: essere (nelle sue persone) + il verbo col finale in "ing".

Present Perfect
PERCHé? Si usa per esprimere un'azione che è rilevante nel presente.
-->Un'azione avvenuta nel passato che ha rilevanza nel presente.
-->Un'azione avvenuta recentemente
Come si forma: avere + PP (participio passato)

Futuro
PERCHé? Esprime un'azione che deve ancora avvenire.
Come si forma: will/won't + verbo principale
Presente continuo (guardare su)
farò: essere + andare (in "ing" form) + verbo principale

Present Perfect Continuous
PERCHé? Usiamo questo tempo verbale per enfatizzare un'azione avvenuta nel passato e che continua nel presente.
Come si forma: avere + been (Participio Passato del verbo essere) + verbo principale in "ing" form.

1 condizionale
PERCHé? usiamo il primo condizionale per esprimere un risultato futuro da un'azione presente.
Come si forma: IF/UNLESS + presente + futuro.

2 condizionale
PERCHé? Si usa il secondo condizionale per esprimere situazione immaginaria che avverrà nel futuro, basata su una situazione presente.
Come si forma: IF/UNLESS + Passato + WOUKD + verbo principale

if you have questions ask here!!

Guida fatta tutta da Cicko. Vietata la copia senza permesso (che vi darò facilmente!)

Edited by ~¢ïçkø§ - 11/6/2009, 10:31

14 replies since 18/5/2009, 01:00 2189 views

[Regole]=Inglese: Tempi verbali, idioms, modal verbs, rules...

By Cicko